Baranof Castle Hill, also known as Castle Hill State Historic Site, is one of the most historically important landmarks in Sitka, Alaska. This modest hill overlooking Sitka Harbor may seem small, but it holds centuries of history — from the era of the Tlingit people to the Russian colonial period and the American acquisition of Alaska.
It is here that, on October 18, 1867, the transfer ceremony took place when Russia formally handed Alaska over to the United States. Today, visitors can stand on the same ground where the American flag was first raised over Alaska, marking a major turning point in North American history.
Historical Background
Long before the arrival of Russians, Tlingit clans lived in the Sitka area. The Kiksadi clan built a fortified village on the hill known as Noow Tlein, meaning “Great Fort.” It served as a key defensive and cultural center for the Tlingit people.
In the early 1800s, Russian settlers led by Alexander Baranov — the first governor of Russian America — took control of the area. They built administrative buildings, a governor’s mansion, and warehouses on top of the hill. During the Russian colonial era, Sitka was called New Archangel, serving as the capital of Russian America.
When Russia sold Alaska to the United States in 1867, the formal transfer ceremony took place atop Castle Hill. The Russian flag was lowered, the American flag was raised, and Alaska officially became part of the United States. This event is commemorated each year on Alaska Day, a local holiday celebrated with parades and reenactments.
What to See and Do
Although Castle Hill is small, it offers a powerful connection to Alaska’s layered history and some of the best views in Sitka.
- Panoramic Views: From the summit, enjoy sweeping views of Sitka Sound, the harbor, surrounding islands, and the nearby mountains. It’s especially beautiful at sunrise or sunset.
- Historical Markers: Informative panels around the site tell the stories of the Tlingit people, Russian colonists, and the 1867 transfer ceremony.
- Walkways and Trails: A paved walkway leads to the top, making it accessible for most visitors. The short climb rewards you with breathtaking scenery and a sense of history beneath your feet.
- Photography: This spot is perfect for photos capturing both Sitka’s beauty and its deep historical significance.
Cultural and Historical Importance
Baranof Castle Hill symbolizes Alaska’s three cultural eras — Tlingit, Russian, and American. It is a place where the threads of different civilizations come together in one landscape.
For the Tlingit, it remains a sacred site connected to their ancestral lands. For the Russians, it was once the heart of their North American empire. For Americans, it marks the moment Alaska joined their nation.
Because of its importance, Castle Hill has been designated a National Historic Landmark, ensuring its preservation for future generations.
Visiting Information
- Location: Castle Hill is located in downtown Sitka, just a short walk from the waterfront and other Russian heritage sites like St. Michael’s Cathedral and the Russian Bishop’s House.
- Hours: Open year-round as a public park. Accessible from early morning until evening.
- Admission: Free to visit.
- Accessibility: A gentle paved path allows easy access for visitors of most mobility levels. Benches are available along the walkway for resting and enjoying the view.
- Time to Spend: Around 20–30 minutes is enough to walk up, explore, and take photos.
Why Visit Castle Hill
Baranof Castle Hill offers more than just a view — it’s a living monument to Alaska’s journey through history. Standing atop the hill, visitors can imagine the dramatic moment in 1867 when two nations exchanged this vast land.
It’s an ideal stop for anyone interested in Alaskan history, culture, and natural beauty, and perfectly complements a visit to St. Michael’s Russian Orthodox Cathedral and the Russian Bishop’s House nearby.
Whether you come for the view or the history, Castle Hill promises a quiet yet powerful experience that connects you directly to Alaska’s past.
